Validation of the hypoglycemia awareness questionnaire to assess hypoglycemia awareness in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.

AIMS: Given the implications of impaired hypoglycemia awareness in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), it is necessary to identify reliable and valid instruments for its measurement. The Hypoglycemia Awareness Questionnaire (HypoA-Q) measures impaired awareness, symptom severity, and symptom frequency. The present study evaluated the HypoA-Q validity for assessing awareness of hypoglycemia in patients with T2D treated with insulin. METHODS: The questionnaire was administered to 406 patients diagnosed with T2D on insulin treatment at four centers in Bogotá, Colombia. The internal structure of the questionnaire was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated, and criterion validity was rated by assessing its correlation with the Clarke scale. RESULTS: Factor analysis identified an empirical structure of four domains that adequately represented the construct. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega coefficients yielded values between 0.75 and 0.79 for the impaired awareness scale. Lin and intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. The correlation between the impaired awareness subscale and Clarke scale was 0.654, and differences were found between patients with good and poor awareness of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: The HypoA-Q is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the awareness of hypoglycemia in patients with T2D who are treated with insulin.

Case management as an opportunity for healthcare: user experiences

Introduction: People with multimorbidity and their caregivers are beginning to be recognized as emerging subjects of health systems. In Colombia there is no differentiated approach to care for this population, as well as its health-disease process. Objective: To understand the experience of people with multimorbidity and their caregivers after receiving a case management intervention. Methods and materials: It is a qualitative study in which 33 participants among people with multimorbidity and their caregivers who received intervention with case managers were interviewed, a comparative analysis and use to tools analytics grounded theory. Results: There are 3 dimensions that are, the actors where nursing becomes relevant as a reliable source of care; the Care Meeting, as a space created within case management to maintain trust and; Results in the health system, where the need to integrate this type of outbreak into the Colombian Health Model is confirmed. Discussion: Complementary qualitative evidence data from the central study with a greater impact on the quality of care through the therapeutic relationship at home. Conclusion: The dyad requires home support for self-management of the disease based on trust, empathy, empowerment and administrative management carried out by case managers.

Introducción: Las personas con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores empiezan a ser reconocidos como sujetos emergentes en los sistemas de salud. En Colombia no existe un abordaje diferenciado para la atención de esta población, así como de su proceso de salud-enfermedad. Objetivo: Entender las experiencias de personas con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores tras recibir una intervención de gestión de casos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo en el que se entrevistó a 33 participantes con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores que recibieron una intervención por parte de gestores de casos; se realizó un análisis comparativo y se utilizaron herramientas analíticas de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Existen tres dimensiones: los actores, donde la enfermería cobra relevancia como fuente confiable de cuidado; la reunión de atención o cuidado, como un espacio creado en la gestión de casos para mantener la confianza; y resultados en el sistema de salud, donde se confirma la necesidad de integrar este tipo de avance en el modelo de salud colombiano. Discusión: Los datos cualitativos complementarios del estudio central evidencian un mayor impacto en la calidad del cuidado a través de la relación terapéutica en el hogar. Conclusión: La díada requiere acompañamiento domiciliario para la autogestión de la enfermedad que esté basado en la confianza, la empatía, el empoderamiento y la gestión administrativa llevada a cabo por los gestores de casos.

Introdução: As pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores estão começando a ser reconhecidos como sujeitos emergentes dos sistemas de saúde. Na Colômbia, não há uma abordagem diferenciada para o atendimento dessa população, bem como para seu processo saúde-doença. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência de pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores após receberem uma intervenção de gerenciamento de casos. Métodos e materiais: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo no qual foram entrevistados 33 participantes entre pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores que receberam intervenção com gerentes de caso, uma análise comparativa e o uso de ferramentas analíticas da teoria fundamentada. Resultados: Existem três dimensões que são: os atores onde a enfermagem se torna relevante como uma fonte confiável de cuidados; a Reunião de Cuidados, como um espaço criado dentro do gerenciamento de casos para manter a confiança e; Resultados no sistema de saúde, onde a necessidade de integrar esse tipo de surto no modelo de saúde colombiano é confirmada. Discussão: Dados complementares de evidências qualitativas do estudo central com maior impacto na qualidade do atendimento por meio da relação terapêutica no domicílio. Conclusão: A díade requer apoio domiciliar para o autogerenciamento da doença com base na confiança, empatia, empoderamento e gerenciamento administrativo realizado pelos gerentes de caso.

Validación de intervención psicoeducativa para mejorar el afrontamiento y adaptación de familiares en la UCI / Psychoeducational Intervention Validation to Improve Relatives in the ICU Coping and Adaptation / Validação de uma intervenção psicoeducativa para melhorar o enfrentamento e adaptação de familiares na UTI

Introducción: la hospitalización de una paciente afecta directamente el estado de salud de sus familiares, por lo tanto, se requiere de una intervención psicoeducativa que reduzca el efecto ocasionado en las familias para favorecer el afrontamiento y la adaptación. Objetivo: determinar los componentes con mayor consenso entre profesionales expertos para validar una intervención psicoeducativa que mejore el afrontamiento y la adaptación en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Método: estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo realizado con la técnica Delphi, por medio de una única ronda entre profesionales de la salud con experiencia mayor a 2 años en atención a pacientes críticos o investigación en esta área. Resultados: se obtuvieron 14 ítems distribuidos de la siguiente manera: matriz de componentes (3 ítems) y protocolo de la intervención (11 ítems). El 7,14 % de los ítems logró un consenso total, el 85,7 % aceptable y solo el 7,14 % de los ítems no alcanzó un consenso. Conclusiones: los componentes, actividades y acciones propuestas en la intervención psicoeducativa a través de la matriz de componentes como el protocolo de intervención, según el consenso de expertos, es pertinente, congruente, factible y genera impacto, lo cual permite mejorar el afrontamiento y adaptación de familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en UCI. La intervención requiere ser validada por medio de una prueba piloto y un estudio cuasi-experimental que permita medir el impacto de estos resultados.

Introduction: A patient's hospitalization directly affects the health status of their relatives, therefore, a psychoeducational intervention is required to reduce the effect on families, favoring coping and adaptation. Objective: Determine the components with the highest consensus among experts to operationalize psychoeducational intervention that improves coping and adaptation in relatives of hospitalized patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methodology: Primary quantitative and descriptive study, carried out using the Delphi technique, through a single round among health professionals with more than 2 years of experience in critical patient care or research in this area. Results: 14 items were obtained, distributed as follows: component matrix (3 items) and intervention protocol (11 items). 7.14 % of the items reached a total consensus, 85.7 % acceptable and only 7.14 % of the items did not reach a consensus. Conclusions: The components, activities and actions proposed in the psychoeducational intervention through the matrix of components, such as the intervention protocol, according to the consensus of experts proves to be pertinent, congruent, feasible, and generates impact. This allows to improve coping and adaptation of hospitalized patients in ICU's relatives. The intervention needs to be validated by means of a pilot test and a quasi-experimental study that allow measuring the impact of these results.

Introdução: A hospitalização de um paciente afeta diretamente o estado de saúde de seus familiares, portanto, é necessária uma intervenção psicoeducacional que reduza o efeito causado nas famílias, favorecendo o enfrentamento e a adaptação. Objetivo: Determinar os componentes de maior consenso entre os especialistas para operacionalizar a intervenção psicoeducacional que melhora o enfrentamento e a adaptação em familiares de pacientes internados em UTI. Metodologia: Estudo primário, quantitativo e descritivo, realizado pela técnica Delphi, por meio de rodada única, entre profissionais de saúde com mais de 2 anos de familia na assistência ao paciente crítico ou em pesquisa na área. Resultados: foram obtidos 14 itens, assim distribuídos: matriz de componentes (3 itens) e protocolo de intervenção (11 itens). 7,14 % dos itens alcançaram consenso total, 85,7 % aceitáveis e apenas 7,14 % dos itens não alcançaram consenso. Conclusões: Os componentes, atividades e ações propostas na intervenção psicoeducacional através da matriz de componentes como o protocolo de intervenção, segundo o consenso dos especialistas é pertinente, congruente, factível e gera impacto, o que permite melhorar o enfrentamento e adaptação dos familiares de pacientes internados em UTI. A intervenção familia ser validada por meio de um teste piloto e um estudo quase-experimental que permita mensurar o impacto desses resultados.

Consumo colectivo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios en Colombia: análisis desde una perspectiva etnográfica / Collective consumption of alcohol among young university students in Colombia: Analysis from an ethnographical perspective

Objetivo: reconocer los escenarios de consumo de alcohol como fenómeno colectivo, y las interrelaciones que se dan en estos espacios. Metodología: estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico, realizado en dos etapas: cartografía y mapeo de lugares de consumo de alcohol y observación no participante, donde participaron jóvenes universitarios de ciencias de la salud. Se realizó análisis de contenido en ATLAS.Ti. Resultados: Emergieron 8 categorías: 1) Características del lugar de consumo 2) Motivaciones juveniles para beber, 3) Autonomía y autocontrol sobre el consumo, 4) Características del consumo, 5) Efectos del consumo de alcohol en el organismo, 6) Conocimiento de riesgo asociado al consumo, 7) Diferencias basadas en la división sexo-genérica,8) Rupturas por pandemia. Conclusión: Los sitios de consumo de alcohol usan la iluminación, muebles, pantallas, espectáculos, variedad de bebidas alcohólicas, diferentes formas de pago y estrategias de seguridad para atraer a los jóvenes. Las observadoras reportan que los jóvenes reconocen como motivos para consumir alcohol: las rupturas de pareja, desinhibirse, ser aceptados por el grupo, disfrutar con sus pares, eventos deportivos, celebraciones, liberar tensión provocada por responsabilidades académicas, laborales, familiares y sentimentales. Utilizan como mecanismos para enfrentar la presión social en los escenarios de consumo, el autocontrol y autoconocimiento, que les permiten establecer estrategias de cuidado antes, durante y después del consumo.(AU)

Objective: to recognize the scenarios of alcohol consumption as a collective phenomenon, and the interrelationships that occur in these spaces. Methodology: qualitative with an ethnographic approach, carried out in two stages: cartography and mapping of alcohol consumption study sites and non-participant observation, where young health sciences university students participated. A content analysis was performed in ATLAS.Ti. Results: Eight categories emerged: 1) Characteristics of the place of consumption, 2) Youth motivations to drink, 3) Autonomy and self-control over consumption, 4) Characteristics of consumption, 5) Effects of alcohol consumption on the body, 6) Knowledge of risk associated with consumption, 7) Differences based on the gender-sex division, 8) Pandemic ruptures. Conclusion: Consumption sites use lighting, furniture, screens, shows, a variety of alcoholic beverages, different forms of payment, and security strategies to attract young people. Observers report that young people recognize as reasons for consuming alcohol: breakups, loss of inhibition, being accepted by the group, enjoying with their peers, sporting events, celebrations, releasing tension caused by academic, work, family and sentimental responsibilities. They use self-control and self-knowledge as mechanisms to face social pressure in consumption scenarios, which allow them to establish care guidelines before, during and after consumption.(AU)

Modifications in self-care, quality of life and therapeutic adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic treated by telehealth

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, causing pain and stiffness in the joints. SARS-CoV-2 increases the clinical vulnerability of the population with RA and has led to the implementation and/or development of telemedicine. Objective: To describe changes in level of therapeutic adherence, quality of life and capacity for self-care agency, during the follow-up period of a group of patients linked to a non-face-to-face multidisciplinary consultation model during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methodology: Descriptive cohort study (July to October 2020). Description of the level of therapeutic adherence (Morisky Green Test), quality of life (EuroQOL-5-Dimensions-3-Level-version) and self-care capacity (ASA-R Scale) in the context of a telehealth model. A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed (Stata Software, Considered p-value <0.05). Results: Of 71 patients treated under the telehealth model, 85.9% were women, the age range was between 33 and 86 years with a median of 63. The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (35.2%). Quality of life did not change during follow-up nor did adherence to treatment, apart from in one item [the patients did not stop taking the medication when they were well (p = 0.029)]. In self-care capacity, there were significant improvements in five dimensions (p < 0.05), without significant differences in the global score. Conclusion: Patients with RA evaluated in the context of telehealth in a period of pandemic did not present significant changes in quality of life, adherence to treatment, or capacity for self-care, and remained close to baseline values when they attended a traditional face-to-face assessment.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por una inflamación crónica que produce dolor y rigidez articular. El SARS-CoV-2 aumenta la vulnerabilidad clínica en pacientes con AR, lo que ha conllevado la implementación o el desarrollo de la telesalud. OBJETIVO: Describir los cambios en el nivel de adherencia terapéutica, la calidad de vida y la capacidad de autocuidado durante el periodo de seguimiento, en un grupo de pacientes con AR vinculados con un modelo de consulta multidisciplinar no presencial, en el curso de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de cohorte descriptiva (julio a octubre del 2020). Descripción del nivel de adherencia terapéutica (TEST MORISKY GREEN), calidad de vida (EUROQOL-5-DIMENSIONS-3-LEVEL-VERSION) y capacidad de autocuidado (Escala ASA-R) en el contexto de un modelo de telesalud. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado (SOFTWARE Stata®, valor de p considerado <0,05). RESULTADOS: De 71 pacientes atendidos en modalidad de telesalud, el 85,9% fueron mujeres, la mediana de la edad fue de 63 (33-86) anos. La comorbilidad más prevalente fue la hipertensión (35,2%). La calidad de vida no tuvo cambios durante el seguimiento, al igual que la adherencia al tratamiento, excepto en uno de los ítems (los pacientes no dejaron de tomar la medicación cuando se encontraban bien; p = 0,029). En la capacidad de autocuidado hubo mejoras significativas en 5 dimensiones (p < 0,05), sin diferencias significativas en el puntaje global. CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con AR evaluados en el contexto de la telesalud, en un periodo de pandemia, no presentaron cambios significativos en la calidad de vida, la adherencia al tratamiento y la capacidad de autocuidado; se mantuvieron en niveles similares a los valores basales cuando asistían a valoración tradicional presencial.

Effectiveness of a case management model for people with multimorbidity: Mixed methods study.

AIMS: The aim was to determine the impact of a case management model on indicators of health service utilization, polypharmacy, quality of life and dependency of patients with multimorbidity, and family caregiver overload in a group of patients insured with two insurance companies in the city of Bogotá (Colombia). DESIGN: This was a mixed methods study, which integrated a quantitative and qualitative component. METHODS: The study was conducted between July 2019 and March 2020. A quantitative component is based on a pre-experimental study with a single group and pre- and post-test measurements. Patients with multimorbidity with a medium or high level of complexity were included in the study. A sample of 317 patients and their caregivers was estimated. Following the completion of the intervention, a descriptive study that explored the perspective of nurses, patients and caregivers was developed to better understand the process and results from their own words and experience. A total of 17 dyads of patients and caregivers were interviewed, as well as six nurse managers. The integration strategy was developed based on a comparison made from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. RESULTS: The model's impact on quality of life, particularly in terms of social functioning and mental health, has been documented. Caregiver overload was reduced and an improvement in the adoption of the role was observed, aspects that converge with the experience of the dyads and the caregivers in the support and backing provided by the model. CONCLUSION: The intervention was structured in five modules: case detection, complexity screening, comprehensive assessment with various instruments, individualized care and follow-up plan, and plan assessment. The nurse manager role is confirmed as that of a professional with the leadership capacity to articulate disciplines and actors, whilst also dealing with the day-to-day needs of people with complex health conditions. IMPACT: A comprehensive and integrated approach to patients with multiple diseases in a health insurance context marked by access barriers and fragmentation of health services. The study provides quantitative and qualitative evidence of the benefits of the case management model in Colombia for patients with multiple diseases and their family caregivers, particularly in terms of the psychosocial dimensions of health-related quality of life and dependence assessment. A significant impact on the caregiver role, as well as an improvement in perception and trust in the health system, was observed as a result of the overcoming of administrative barriers achieved by the nurse case manager. The findings are considered to be extremely useful for decision-makers and insurers in developing a case management model focused on comprehensive and individualized care plans, as well as for individuals with multiple diseases and their caregivers.

Intervenciones de prevención sobre el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios / Prevention interventions of alcohol consumption in young university students

Introducción: La ingesta de alcohol está condicionada por aspectos individuales y culturales. Objetivo: Identificar el efecto de intervenciones realizadas en el contexto latinoamericano sobre pautas de consumo o factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática a partir de la pregunta PICO, Se realizó búsqueda desde abril a agosto del 2020 en las bases de PubMed, CUIDEN, BVS, Scielo, Google Scholar y Repositorios Gubernamentales. Se utilizaron descriptores DeCS y MeSH, en español, inglés y portugués con los operadores AND y OR. Criterios de elegibilidad: estudios experimentales y cuasi experimentales publicados entre 2014 y 2020. Se obtuvieron 49 artículos, la lectura crítica permitió seleccionar 8 a los cuales se les aplicaron las escalas AMSTAR2, TREND y CONSORT quedando 6 artículos para análisis. Según la Resolución 008430/93, Artículo 10, se consideró como investigación sin riesgo. Resultados: Intervenciones unicomponente reportaron efectos sobre creencias conductuales, actitudes, conocimiento de la sustancia, rendimiento académico, menor frecuencia de consumo y no conducir bajo efectos del alcohol. Las intervenciones multicomponente disminuyen en 3.03% el riesgo de consumo y reportan percepción positiva respecto a la utilidad de las actividades desarrolladas, satisfacción de expectativas, satisfacción general, calidad de materiales empleados, asistencia y puntualidad. Discusión: Los estudios sugieren implementar nuevas intervenciones, estrategias y políticas en salud primaria para promover una transformación social, educativa y sanitaria que generen un impacto favorable para mitigar la problemática actual de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Conclusión: Esta revisión sistemática permitió sintetizar y valorar la evidencia disponible frente a intervenciones unicomponente y multicomponente realizadas en el contexto latinoamericano y del caribe que modifican positivamente factores de riesgo y pautas de consumo en jóvenes universitarios.

Introduction: Individual and cultural aspects condition alcohol intake. Objetive:To identify the effect of interventions conducted in Latin America on consumption patterns or associated risk factors for alcohol consumption among young university students. Materials and Methods:Systematic review based on a PICO question. A literature search was conducted from April to August 2020 in PubMed, CUIDEN, BVS, Scielo, Google Scholar, and Governmental Repositories. DeCS and MeSH descriptors in Spanish, English, and Portuguese were used with Boolean operators AND and OR. Eligibility criteria included experimental and quasi-experimental studies published between 2014 and 2020. Forty-nine articles were identified, and critical reading allowed the selection of 8 articles to which the AMSTAR2, TREND, and CONSORT appraisal tools were used, leaving 6 articles for analysis. In accordance with Article 10 of Resolution 008430/93, this was considered risk-free research. Results: Single-component interventions reported effects on behavioral beliefs, attitudes, knowledge of the substance, academic performance, lower frequency of drinking, and not driving under the influence of alcohol. Multicomponent interventions reduced consumption risk by 3.03% and reported positive perceptions regarding the usefulness of activities, expectations fulfillment, overall satisfaction, quality of materials used, attendance, and punctuality. Discussion:The studies suggest implementing new interventions, strategies and policies in primary health to promote a social, educational and health transformation that generate a favorable impact to mitigate the current problem of alcohol consumption in university students. Conclusions: This systematic review made it possible to synthesize and evaluate the available evidence on single- and multicomponent interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean that positively modify risk factors and consumption patterns in young university students.

Introdução: A ingestão de álcool é condicionada por aspectos individuais e culturais. Objetivo: Identificar o efeito de intervenções realizadas no contexto latino-americano sobre os padrões de consumo ou fatores de risco associados ao consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Materiais e métodos: Revisão sistemática com base na pergunta PICO, realizada de abril a agosto de 2020 nas bases de dados PubMed, CUIDEN, BVS, Scielo, Google Scholar e Government Repositories. Foram utilizados os descritores DeCS e MeSH, em espanhol, inglês e português com operadores AND e OR. Critérios de elegibilidade: estudos experimentais e quase-experimentais publicados entre 2014 e 2020. Obtiveram-se 49 artigos, a leitura crítica permitiu selecionar 8, aos quais foram aplicadas as escalas AMSTAR2, TREND e CONSORT, restando 6 artigos para análise. De acordo com a Resolução 008430/93, artigo 10, foi considerada pesquisa livre de risco. Resultados: Intervenções unicomponentes relataram efeitos sobre crenças comportamentais, atitudes, conhecimento da substância, desempenho acadêmico, menor frequência de consumo e não dirigir sob efeito de álcool. As intervenções multicomponentes reduzem o risco de consumo em 3,03% e relatam uma percepção positiva quanto à utilidade das atividades realizadas, satisfação das expectativas, satisfação geral, qualidade dos materiais utilizados, assiduidade e pontualidade. Discussão: Os estudos sugerem a implementação de novas intervenções, estratégias e políticas na atenção primária à saúde para promover uma transformação social, educacional e sanitária que gere impacto favorável para mitigar o problema atual do consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Conclusões: Esta revisão sistemática permitiu sintetizar e avaliar as evidências disponíveis sobre intervenções unicomponentes e multicomponentes realizadas no contexto latino-americano e caribenho que modificam positivamente os fatores de risco e os padrões de consumo em estudantes universitários.

Validación transcultural del HypoA-Q para medir conciencia de hipoglucemia en pacientes diabéticos / Cross-cultural validation of the HypoA-Q to measure hypoglycemic awareness in diabetic patients / Validação transcultural do HypoA-Q para mensurar consciência de hipoglicemia em pacientes diabéticos

Introducción: La hipoglucemia inadvertida incrementa el riesgo de la hipoglucemia severa en pacientes con diabetes. Una medición objetiva de la misma requiere instrumentos como el HypoA-Q, que, a diferencia de otros, mide conciencia de episodios nocturnos; sin embargo, no se dispone de una versión en español. Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar culturalmente la escala HypoA-Q para la medición de conciencia de la hipoglucemia en pacientes colombianos con Diabetes Mellitus. Metodología: Estudio de Adaptación transcultural del instrumento Hy-poA-Q. Se obtuvo la autorización de la autora para su traducción y adaptación a la población colombiana. Se siguió la metodología de la European Organisation for Research and Treat-ment for Cancer (EORTC). Al respecto, se realizaron dos traducciones directas por hablantes nativos del español, una versión reconciliada, dos traducciones inversas por dos hablantes nativos del inglés y una prueba piloto en 15 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes. Resulta-dos: Aunque las traducciones directas al español fueron similares, se hicieron ajustes para obtener una versión reconciliada con palabras más fáciles de comprender cambiando las uni-dades de mmol/L a mg/dl. Las traducciones inversas fueron similares al original en inglés. La prueba piloto, realizada en 15 pacientes, no requirió ajustar ningún ítem, pues la frecuencia de ítems con dificultades de comprensión, confusión o palabras ofensivas fue menor al 15%. Conclusiones: Se dispone de la versión en español para Colombia de la escala HypoA-Q. Se aconseja realizar un estudio de evaluación de sus propiedades psicométricas antes de ser usada en investigaciones o en la práctica clínica

Introdução: a hipoglicemia inadvertida incrementa o risco de hipoglicemia severa em pacientes com diabetes. Uma medição da mesma requer instrumentos como o HypoA-Q, que a diferença de outros, mede consciência de episódios noturnos; entretanto, não se dispõe de uma versão em espanhol. Objetivo: traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a escala HypoA-Q para mensurar a consciência de hipoglicemia em pacientes colombianos com Diabetes Mellitus. Materiais e métodos: estudo de adaptação transcultural do instrumento HypoA-Q. Obteve-se a autorização da autora para a sua tradução e adaptação à população colombiana. Seguiu-se a metodologia da European Organization for Research Treatment for Cancer (EORTC). Realizaram-se duas traduções diretas por falantes nativos de língua espanhola e uma versão conciliada, duas traduções inversas por falantes nativos da língua inglesa e uma prova piloto em 15 pacientes com diagnostico de diabetes. Resultados: Embora as traduções diretas ao espanhol foram semelhantes, foram feitos ajustes para obter uma versão conciliada com palavras mais simples de compreender substituindo as unidades de mmol/L para mg/dl. As traduções inversas foram semelhantes ao instrumento original em inglês. A prova piloto realizada não precisou ajustar nenhum item, devido a que os itens com dificuldade de compreensão, confusão ou palavras ofensivas foi inferior ao 15%. Conclusão: Dispõe-se da versão em espanhol para Colômbia da escala HypoA-Q. Aconselha-se realizar um estudo de avaliação das propriedades psicométricas antes de ser usada em pesquisa ou na prática clinica

Evaluation of a Non-Face-to-Face Multidisciplinary Health Care Model in a Population with Rheumatoid Arthritis Vulnerable to COVID-19 in a Health Emergency Situation.

This study evaluated a non-face-to-face-multidisciplinary consultation model in a population with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an analytical observational study of a prospective cohort with simple random sampling. RA patients were followed for 12 weeks (Jul-Oct 2020). Two groups were included: patients in telemedicine care (TM), and patients in the usual face-to-face care (UC). Patients could voluntarily change the care model (transition model (TR)). Activity of disease, quality of life, disability, therapeutic adherence, and self-care ability were analyzed. Bivariate analysis was performed. A qualitative descriptive exploratory study was conducted. At the beginning, 218 adults were included: (109/TM-109/UC). The groups didn't differ in general characteristics. At the end of the study, there were no differences in TM: (n = 71). A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in adherence, and increase in self-care ability were found in UC (n = 18) and TR (n = 129). Seven patients developed COVID-19. Four categories emerged from the experience of the subjects in the qualitative assessment (factors present in communication, information and communication technologies management, family support and interaction, and adherence to treatment). The telemedicine model keeps RA patients stable without major differences compared to the usual care or mixed model.

Caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en condición de pluripatología y sus cuidadores / Sociodemographic and clinical characterization of patients with chronic kidney disease with multiple pathologies and caregivers

Introducción: Los pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica en condición de pluripatología presentan deterioro funcional progresivo, vulnerabilidad clínica, polifarmacia, calidad de vida disminuida, impacto psicosocial y alto costo para la persona y su familia. Enfermería debe conocer las características clínicas y sociodemográficas para identificar las necesidades.Objetivo:Establecer a través de una valoración multidimensional las condiciones sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes pluripatológicos con enfermedad renal crónica y sus cuidadores familiares.Material y Método:Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, participaron 97 personas con enfermedad renal crónica en situación de pluripatología y sus cuidadores familiares, afiliados a dos aseguradoras de Bogotá, Colombia. Se realizó valoración multidimensional al paciente y cuidador con instrumentos validados. Análisis descriptivo, se utilizó STATA versión 13.Resultados:El 52,6% fueron mujeres mayores de 80 años, 48% estaban casados, todos cursaron primaria completa. Adicional a enfermedad renal, el 43,3%. presenta tres enfermedades asociadas. El 36,08% reportó independencia total en Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria. El 38% presenta riesgo social medio y problemático, y mayor alteración de calidad de vida. Los principales cuidadores son hijos, seguidos de cónyuges.Conclusión:La mayoría de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en condición de pluripatología presentan tres enfermedades crónicas asociadas, EPOC, cardiopatías y enfermedades mentales. Los resultados reflejan complejidad clínica y psicosocial asociada especialmente a niveles de dependencia funcional y riesgo social. Las dimensiones de calidad de vida más afectadas son función física y rol físico. Los cuidadores familiares principalmente son los hijos, la sobrecarga intensa es baja y la adopción del rol cuidador es adecuada. (AU)

Introduction: Comorbid patients with Chronic Kidney Disease present progressive functional deterioration, clinical vulnerability, polypharmacy, diminished quality of life, psychosocial impact and high cost for the person and their family. Nursing must know the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics to identify patient's needs.Objective:To establish through a multidimensional assessment the sociodemographic and clinical conditions of multiple pathological patients with chronic kidney disease and their family caregivers.Material and Method:Descriptive cross-sectional study, involving 97 people with chronic kidney disease in a situation of multiple pathologies and their family caregivers, attending in two centers in Bogotá, Colombia. A multidimensional assessment was performed on the patient and caregiver with validated instruments. For the descriptive analysis, STATA version 13 was used.Results:52.6% were women over 80 years old, 48% were married, all of them completed primary school. In addition to kidney disease, 43.3%. has three associated diseases. 36.08% reported total independence in Basic Activities of Daily Living. 38% present a medium and problematic social risk, and a severe alteration in the quality of life. The main caregivers were children, followed by spouses.Conclusion:Many comorbid patients with chronic kidney disease present three associated chronic diseases, COPD, heart disease and mental illnesses. The results reflect clinical and psychosocial complexity associated especially with levels of functional dependence and social risk. The most affected quality of life dimensions are physical function and physical role. Family caregivers are mainly children, with a low burden is low and the adoption of the caregiver role is adequate. (AU)

Análisis del modelo de gestión de casos para personas en situación de pluripatología y cuidadores familiares / Análise do modelo de gestão de casos para pessoas em situação de pluripatologia e cuidadores familiares / Analysis of the case management model for people with multimorbidity and family caregivers

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la experiencia de Enfermeras y tomadores de decisión frente a la implementación del modelo de gestión de casos en la atención de pacientes pluripatológicos y sus cuidadores familiares. Método: estudio descriptivo cualitativo con enfermeras y profesionales tomadores de decisión, Bogotá - Colombia. Análisis de contenido de diarios de campo y entrevistas semiestructuradas en 2019-2020. Procesamiento y análisis de datos con ATLAS-Ti. Resultados: participaron seis enfermeras y dos profesionales tomadores de decisión. Categorías emergentes: Percepción de enfermería sobre el sujeto de cuidado pluripatológico y su entorno social; Experiencia de cuidado enfermero en la gestión de casos: rol, aportes y dificultades; Implementación del modelo de gestión de casos en el contexto colombiano: implementación, efecto y rol de los prestadores. Conclusión: La gestora de casos requiere experiencia y competencias para comunicarse adecuadamente. La gestión de casos mejora calidad de vida, adherencia terapéutica, utilización de servicios sanitarios y reduce la sobrecarga.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a experiência de Enfermeiros e tomadores de decisão na implementação do modelo de gerenciamento de caso no cuidado a pacientes com pluripatologias e seus cuidadores familiares. Método: estudo descritivo qualitativo com enfermeiras e profissionais tomadores de decisão, Bogotá - Colômbia. Análise de conteúdo de diários de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas em 2019-2020. Processamento e análise de dados com ATLAS-Ti. Resultados: participaram seis enfermeiras e dois profissionais tomadores de decisão. Categorias emergentes: Percepção da enfermagem sobre a temática do cuidado patológico múltiplo e seu meio social; Experiência assistencial de enfermagem no gerenciamento de casos: papéis, contribuições e dificuldades; Implementação do modelo de gestão de casos no contexto colombiano: implementação, efetivação e papel dos profissionais. Conclusão: Os gestores de casos requer experiência e habilidades para se comunicar adequadamente. O gerenciamento de casos melhora a qualidade de vida, a adesão terapêutica, a utilização de serviços de saúde e reduz a sobrecarga.

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the experience of nurses and decision-makers when implementing the case management model in the care of patients with multimorbidity and their family caregivers. Method: Qualitative descriptive study including nurses and decision-makers and conducted in Bogotá, Colombia. Content analysis of field journals and semi-structured interviews carried out in 2019-2020 was performed. ATLAS-TI was used for data processing and analysis. Results: Six nurses and two decision-makers participated in the study. The following categories emerged: Nursing perception of care provided to patents with multimorbidity and their social environment; Nursing care experience in case management: role, contributions, and difficulties; and Implementation of the case management model in the Colombian context: implementation, impact, and role of providers. Conclusion: The case manager requires experience and skills to communicate properly. Case management improves quality of life, therapeutic adherence, use of health services and reduces overload.

Gestión de casos: adaptación para pacientes pluripatológicos y cuidadores en Colombia / Case management: adaptation for patients with comorbidity and caregivers in Colombia / Gestão de casos: adaptação de pacientes multimorbidos e cuidadores na Colômbia

Objetivo: Identificar puntos de consenso de tomadores de decisiones, profesionales, y usuar-ios, frente a aspectos fundamentales que debe contener un Modelo de Gestión de Casos en el contexto colombiano, para atender a personas en situación de pluripatología y sus cuidadores familiares. Método: Estudio descriptivo. Método de consenso entre expertos y muestreo por conveniencia. Se realizó la técnica Delphi de tiempo real en dos rondas. El análisis incluyó promedios aritméticos para determinar las propuestas más importantes y gobernables. Re-sultados: Participaron 25 expertos en la primera ronda y 23 en la segunda. Se obtuvo mayor consenso en: mayor disponibilidad de recursos económicos para garantizar infraestructura y recursos humanos suficientes; cualificación de recurso humano; potenciar la figura de la enfermera gestora de casos; implementación de rutas de atención integrales; sistemas de in-formación que faciliten el tránsito y conexión de los usuarios; planes de alta vinculación de actores sociales para fomentar la autogestión. Conclusión: La adaptación del Modelo de GC en el sistema de aseguramiento colombiano, permitió identificar factores sustanciales para implementarlo en los niveles macro, meso y micro del sistema de salud, reconocido por los actores como altamente fragmentado.

Objective: Identify the points of consensus of decision makers, professionals, and users, re-garding the fundamental aspects a Case Management Model should have in the Colombian context, to care for people with comorbidity and their family caregivers. Method: Descriptive study. Consensus decision-making among experts and convenience sampling. The Delphi method was applied in real time for two rounds. The analysis included arithmetic means to determine the most important and manageable proposals. Results: 25 experts participated in the first round and 23 in the second round. A greater consensus was obtained in: avail-ability of economic resources to guarantee sufficient infrastructure and human resources; qualification of human resources; potentiate the figure of the nurse in case management; implementation of comprehensive health care pathways; information systems that facilitates the transition and connection of the users; plans for high engagement of social actors to promote self-management. Conclusion: The adaptation of the Case Management Model in the Colombian insurance system, allowed the identification of substantial factors to implement it in the macro, meso and micro levels of the health care system, recognized by the actors as highly fragmented.

Objetivo: identificar os pontos em comum de tomadores de decisões, profissionais e usuários, perante aspectos fundamentais a considerar-se no Modelo de Gestão de Casos (MGC) no contexto colombiano, para atender as pessoas em situação de múltiplas patologias e os seus cuidadores familiares. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo. Método de consenso entre ex-pertos e amostragem por conveniência. Realizou0-se a técnica Delphi de tempo real em duas chances. A análise incluiu medias aritméticas para determinar as propostas mais importantes e governáveis. Resultados: participaram 25 expertos na primeira virada e 23 na segunda. Obteve-se maior consenso em: maior disponibilidade de recursos financeiros para garantir a infraestrutura e recursos humanos suficientes; qualificação do recurso humano; potenciar a figura da enfermeira gestora de casos; implementação de rotas de atendimento integrais; sistemas de informação que facilitem a transição e conexão entre os usuários; planos de alta vinculação de atores sociais para o fomento da autogestão. Conclusão: a adaptação do MGC no sistema de saúde colombiano, permitiu identificar fatores substanciais para implementá-lo nos níveis macro, intermediários e micro do sistema de saúde, reconhecido pelos atores como altamente fragmentado.

Efectividad de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en la adherencia terapéutica de pacientes con Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes Mellitus / Effectiveness of information and communication technologies in therapeutic adherence of patients with Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus son dos de las principales causas de morbimortalidad, siendo las precursoras de la enfermedad renal crónica, catalogándose como un problema de salud pública que afecta a uno de cada diez adultos en el mundo. La falta de cumplimiento al tratamiento es la mayor causa de fracaso en los programas de promoción y prevención, con esta revisión sistemática se busca aportar a los profesionales de enfermería evidencia científica a través del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación que permitan mejorar la adherencia terapéutica. OBJETIVO: Identificar la efectividad de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la adherencia terapéutica en personas con Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes Mellitus. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos CUIDEN, CINAHL, COCHRANE, LILACS, PUBMED y OVID NURSING. Después de aplicar filtros de selección y listas de verificacion de calidad metodológica se obtuvieron 18 artículos para análisis, 12 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, 3 estudios cuasi-experimentales y 3 revisiones sistemáticas. Se clasificó el nivel de evidencia de los estudios según el instituto Joanna Briggs. RESULTADOS: Se establecieron 3 categorías: Intervenciones unicomponente, intervenciones multicomponente y rol de enfermería en el uso de TICs para favorecer la adherencia. CONCLUSIONES: Dentro del cuidado de la salud actualmente hay hallazgos iniciales que apoyan la efectividad del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación convirtiéndola en una herramienta que favorece la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus

INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are two of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, being the precursors of chronic kidney disease and classified as a public health problem that affects one in ten adults in the world. Lack of compliance with treatment is the major cause of failure in promotion programs and prevention. This systematic review seeks to provide scientific evidence to nursing professionals using information and communication technologies that improve therapeutic adherence. OBJECTIVE: Identify the effectiveness of information and communication technologies in therapeutic adherence in people with Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A systematic literature review was carried out in the CUIDEN, CINAHL, COCHRANE, LILACS, PUBMED and OVID NURSING databases. After applying the selection criteria and methodological quality checklists, 18 articles were obtained for analysis: 12 randomized clinical trials, 3 quasi-experimental studies and 3 systematic reviews. The level of evidence of the studies was classified according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS: Three categories were established: single interventions, multicomponent interventions and nursing role in the use of ICTs to favour adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, within health care, there are initial findings that support the effectiveness of the use of information and communication technologies, being a tool that favours therapeutic adherence in patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus

Phenomenology of consumption of psycoactive substances in university students in Bogota / Fenomenología del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios en Bogotá / Fenomenología do consumo de substâncias psicoativas nos estudantes universitários em Bogotá

Objetivo: Determinar el contexto fenomenológico en relación a los hábitos de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en estudiantes universitarios de una institución de educación superior de ciencias de la salud en Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo de enfoque fenomenológico; se realizaron 8 entrevistas a jóvenes universitarios (informantes clave) que conocían el contexto universitario, las personas expendedoras y las consumidoras. La técnica de recolección de datos fue con entrevistas a profundad. El proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética de investigación en Seres Humanos, Hospital de San José - FUCS. Resultados: Los hallazgos identifican 6 categorías: 1) Factores de riesgo de policonsumo; 2) Factores de protección de policonsumo; 3) Sustancias psicoactivas; 4) Lugares de consumo; 5) Conductas de riesgo; 6) Efecto del consumo. A partir del análisis de contenido y de las proposiciones emergieron 14 subcategorías: factores de riesgo internos y externos; factores de protección externos; redes de apoyo; sustancias lícitas e ilícitas; lugares: bares, viajes, casa de amigos; conductas de riesgo: suicidio, riñas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, enfermedad física y mental y rendimiento académico. Conclusión: en el estudio se concluye que la problemática social presente en los estudiantes universitarios, está fundamentada en las situaciones de riesgos a las cuales están expuestos socialmente y que requiere de un pilar formativo desde la niñez. La UNODC, propone examinar a profundidad las variables que influyen en el consumo y actuar con programas preventivos viables, que permitan fortalecer las habilidades intrapersonales e interpersonales.

Objective: Determine the phenomenological context related to the habits of consumption of psychoactive drugs, in university students from a higher education institution of health sciences in Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: Qualitative descriptive study of phenomenological approach; 8 interviews were performed in young university students (key informants) who knew about the university context, the dealers, and the consumers. The technique for the recollection of data used were in-depth interviews. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee in Human Beings, Hospital of San Jose ­ University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS). Results: The findings identify 6 categories: 1) Risk factors of polydrug abuse; 2) Protective factors of polydrug abuse; 3) Psychoactive drugs; 4) Places for consumption; 5) Risk behaviors; 6) Consumption effects. From the analysis of the content and the propositions, 14 sub-categories emerged: internal and external risk factors; external protective factors; support networks; illicit and legal drugs; places: bars, trips, friend's houses; risk behaviors: suicide, fights, sexual risk behavior; mental and physical diseases and academic performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that the present social problematic in university students, is based on risk situations to which students are socially exposed and requires a formative process that starts during childhood. The UNODC, proposes to examine the variables that influence the consumption and act with viable preventive programs in depth, allowing to strengthen the intrapersonal and interpersonal skills.

Objetivo: Determinar o contexto fenomenológico em relação aos hábitos de consumo de substâncias psicoativas, em estudantes universitários de uma faculdade de ciências da saúde em Bogotá. Materiais e métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo fenomenológico; realizaram-se 8 entrevistas a jovens universitários (informantes chave) que conheciam o contexto universitário, as pessoas fornecedoras e as consumidoras. A técnica de recolecção de dados foi com entrevistas a profundidade. O projeto foi aprovado pelo comité de ética em pesquisa em seres humanos do Hospital de San José-FUCS. Resultados: Os achados identificaram 6 categorias: 1) fatores de risco de policonsumo; 2) fatores de proteção policonsumo; 3) substâncias psicoativas; 4) lugares de consumo; 5) condutas de risco; 6) efeito do consumo. Partindo da análise de conteúdo e das proposições surgiram14 subcategorias: fatores de risco internos e externos; fatores de proteção externos; redes de apoio; substâncias lícitas e ilícitas; lugares: bares, viagens, casa dos amigos; condutas de risco: suicídio, brigas, condutas sexuais de risco, doença física e mental y finalmente, rendimento acadêmico. Conclusão: A problemática social presente nos estudantes universitários, está fundamentada nas situações de risco, as quais estão expostos socialmente e precisam de uma formação estrutural desde a infância. A UNODC propõe examinar a profundidade das variáveis que influenciam o consumo e atuar com programas de prevenção viáveis, permitindo o fortalecimento de habilidades intrapessoais e interpessoais.

Living With an Intestinal Stoma: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

The main aim of this article is to explore the experiences and life situations of people living with intestinal stomas. Previous studies indicated the need to investigate the concerns of ostomy patients and how these concerns can affect their quality of life and their approaches to the comprehensive conceptualization of the bodily changes. A qualitative systematic review and metasynthesis design was carried out by using the main scientific databases. Original articles from 2002 to 2015 were selected based on their qualitative methodology. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. The findings were synthesized using the metasynthesis procedure of Sandelowski. The final number of articles included was 95 and 1,982 participants. Regarding the metasummary, the data generated 191 thematic statements that were organized into eight categories. The findings support an explanatory model of the experience of people with ostomy based on three aspects: Acceptance, Adaptation, and Autonomy.

Effectiveness of a case management model for the comprehensive provision of health services to multi-pathological people.

AIM: To determine the effectiveness of a case management model for approaching multi-pathological people in a health promoting entity of the contributory healthcare scheme in Bogotá, Colombia between 2018 - . DESIGN: Mixed methods research. METHOD: The study contemplates two components: a quantitative component using a quasi-experimental analytical design before and after longitudinal intervention to determine the effectiveness of the case management model and a qualitative descriptive design to understand the experience of the participants about the model. The Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia (Colciencias) funded this project by means of call 777-November 2017, under the financing agreement No. 848-December 2017. DISCUSSION: Addressing problems deriving from the structure of the Colombian healthcare system is crucial for implementing case management models. Furthermore, the effectiveness of such models may be affected by power relations and market failures, but the proved potential of a model may represent a generalized benefit for the Colombian health system. IMPACT: In Colombia, considering complications and management of chronic non-communicable diseases as isolated cases is considered as the highest cost events in healthcare provision, since an average of 12.8 million pesos is invested in each patient. This has led to rethink the management in these patients by means of a comprehensive model that guarantees the effectiveness of healthcare delivery, in the framework of a healthcare system heavily affected by payment capacity, where the market has a strong predominance, such as the case of Colombia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RPCEC00000293.

Escalas para evaluar la calidad de vida en personas con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada: revisión integrativa / Scales for assessing the quality of life in people with advanced chronic kidney disease: integrative review

Introducción: La calidad de vida es un indicador de bienestar percibido por personas diagnosticadas con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada, al respecto la literatura reporta diferentes instrumentos para su medición y de algunos de ellos describe las características psicométricas y adaptación transcultural. Objetivo: Identificar los instrumentos reportados por la literatura para evaluar la calidad de vida en la persona con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada y describir las características psicométricas y validación transcultural de los mismos. Material y Método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura científica publicada en el periodo 2013-2018, en español, inglés y portugués. La búsqueda se realizó en 2 etapas, utilizando los operadores booleanos AND y OR, y los términos DeCS y MeSH para identificar escalas que evalúan la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada, posteriormente se realizó una búsqueda focalizada para identificar cuales contaban con adaptación transcultural y las características psicométricas de las mismas. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial reportó 364 títulos elegibles, se seleccionaron 20, que comprendían instrumentos genéricos y específicos, de ellos 5 escalas se han usado en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada: SF-12, SF-36, KDQOL 36, WHOQOL BREF, WHOQOL OLD. Conclusión: La escala KDQOL 36, posee dimensiones específicas para evaluar al paciente con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada , se encuentra adaptada transculturalmente en varios países de habla hispana y sus características psicométricas son confiables, el Alfa de Cronbach es >0,7, y su utilidad es adecuada porque es de fácil aplicación, poco compleja y a un bajo costo

Introduction: Quality of life is an indicator of well-being perceived by people diagnosed with advanced chronic kidney disease. In this respect, literature reports about different instruments for measurement and some of them describes the psychometric characteristics and cross-cultural validation. Objective: To identify the instruments reported by the literature to evaluate the quality of life in persons with advanced chronic kidney disease and to describe theeir psychometric characteristics and cross-cultural validation. Material and Method: An integrative review of the scientific literature in Spanish, English and Portuguese, published between 2013-2018, was carried out. The search was conducted in two stages using the Boolean operators AND and OR, and DeCS and MeSH terms to identify scales assessing quality of life of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, subsequently a targeted search was performed to identify which had cross-cultural validation and their psychometric characteristics. Results: The initial search reported 364 eligible titles, 20 were selected, which included generic and specific instruments, of which 5 scales were used in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: SF-12, SF-36, KDQOL 36, WHOQOL BREF, WHOQOL OLD. Conclusion: The KDQOL 36 scale has specific dimensions to evaluate the patient with advanced chronic kidney disease, is cross-culturally adapted in several Spanish-speaking countries and its psychometric characteristics are reliable, Cronbach alpha is> 0.7, and its usefulness is suitable because it is easy to apply, unsophisticated and at a low cost

De la abstinencia a la educación para el consumo: estrategias psicoeducativas para reducir el consumo de riesgo de alcohol entre los adolescentes / From abstinence to education for consumption: psycho-educational strategies to reduce hazardous drinking among adolescents

Fundamentos: el consumo de riesgo de alcohol en la etapa adolescente es un problema de salud pública, con graves repercusiones en la calidad de vida y consecuencias físicas, psicológicas y sociales negativas a corto y largo plazo en esta población y en su entorno. Objetivo: identificar las estrategias e intervenciones educativas con mayor consenso entre expertos para reducir el consumo de riesgo entre los adolescentes. Métodos: estudio descriptivo basado en el consenso (técnica Delphi). Participaron profesionales de diferentes disciplinas sociosanitarias. Resultados: se obtuvieron 145 ítems distribuidos en tres categorías: Intervenciones más eficaces para lograr un consumo de menos riesgo de alcohol en los adolescentes (54 ítems); contenidos de un programa educativo dirigido a los adolescentes para la educación en el consumo de menos riesgo de alcohol (45 ítems) y estrategias educativas más eficaces para desarrollar los contenidos del programa (46 ítems). El 42.76% de los ítems lograron un consenso total, el 22.76% muy aceptable, el 31.03% aceptable y solo en un 3.45% de los ítems no se alcanzó consenso. Conclusiones: para reducir el consumo de riesgo de alcohol entre adolescentes se requiere combinar intervenciones educativas y psicosociales realizadas desde un enfoque integrador y multicomponente, orientado al desarrollo en habilidades para la vida y valores prosociales y que fomenten la participación activa de los adolescentes a través de un enfoque pedagógico constructivista

Background: the hazardous drinking in the adolescent stage is a public health problem with serious repercussions on the quality of life of this population and negative consequences for their physical, psychological and social health in a short-long-term that not only affects adolescents but also the people around them. Aim: to identify educational strategies and interventions with greater consensus among experts to reduce hazardous drinking on adolescents. Method: descriptive research based on consensus (Delphi Technique). Professionals from different socio disciplines participated. Results: 145 items divided into three categories were obtained: more effective interventions to achieve low-risk alcohol consumption in adolescents (54 items); contents of an educational program aimed at adolescents for education in low-risk alcohol use (45 items) and more effective educational strategies to develop the contents of the program (46 items). 42.76% achieved a total consensus, 22.76% very acceptable, 31.03% acceptable and only 3.45% of the items no consensus was reached. Conclusions: to reduce hazardous drinking among adolescents, it is necessary to combine educational and psychosocial interventions on an integrated approach and multi-component-oriented development life skills and prosocial values ​​and encourage the active participation of adolescents through an approach constructivist teaching

Ostomy patients' perception of the health care received.

AIM: to describe ostomy patient's perception about health care received, as well as their needs and suggestions for healthcare system improvement. METHOD: qualitative phenomenological study was conducted, involving individual and semi-structured interviews on the life experiences of 21 adults who had a digestive stoma. Participants were selected following a purposive sampling approach. The analysis was based on the constant comparison of the data, the progressive incorporation of subjects and triangulation among researchers and stoma therapy nurses. The software Atlas.ti was used. RESULTS: perception of health care received is closely related to the information process, as well as training for caring the stoma from peristomal skin to diet. It is worthy to point out the work performed by stoma care nurses ensuring support during all stages of the process. CONCLUSION: findings contribute to address the main patients' needs (better prepared nurses, shorter waiting lists, information about sexual relation, inclusion of family members all along the process) and recommendations for improving health care to facilitate their adaptation to a new status of having a digestive stoma.